Vitalik Buterin, a co-founder of the ETA, stated on August 16 that one of the expansion directions of the current study of the ETA is drawing on the work of Bitcoin developers around Utreexo. This does not mean, however, that the current account model will be abandoned by the Taifaf, the content of which is still at the research and proposal stage and has not yet been upgraded by an approved agreement.
Study direction towards hybrid state model
Buterin, on X, describes it as “the present proposed strategy for the expansion of the Ether. The core idea is to use different status models for different types of chain activities: to maintain the existing system of accounts, while moving some simple, one-time payment transactions to a lighter UTXO style structure.
This direction is primarily aimed at avoiding a synchronous and significant increase in nodal storage needs when network activity increases. Buterin mentioned that the goal is to increase the expanded space for most of the `Shifu' activities, while maintaining decentrization, anti-censorship and nodal operationality.
Utreexo provides reference to compressed node status
Utreexo was presented in 2019 by Thadddous Dryja, a digital monetary plan researcher at MIT. The idea is not to keep the full bitcoin UTXO collection for a long period of time for the validation node, but to express this part of the state with a compact Hashirega.
Under this design, the transaction input contains a certificate by which the node verifies whether the relevant output exists. According to the original paper, the growth rate of the compressor was slower than that of the bottom assembly size. For ETA researchers, this provides a reference: control of state storage pressure as much as possible when chain activity increases.
It should be noted that Utreexo is still a bitcoin-directed expansion project and is not a direct replicating function.
Original UTXO proposal aimed at simple payment
On 6 July, Toni Wahrstätter, a researcher, presented a original UTXO payment proposal on behalf of Nero eth. The programme does not remove the Taifung account, but moves the single payment that does not require a continuing smart contract to a lighter structure.
The proposal estimates that such loads can compress permanent state occupancy by approximately 99.8 per cent. Instead of keeping the whole object of payment in active condition for a long period of time, its practice is to retain mainly a compact “disbursed” position, with other viability evidenced by historical data.
The proposal estimates that the permanent state of the design is about 300 MB at a scale of 1 billion records; if equivalent accounts or storage entries are used, the size may be between 100 GB and 150 GB. These figures are derived from design measurements and are not based on the actual results of the Taifung network.
EIP-8141 still pending scheduled upgrade
Buterin's retrogressive STARK memory pool study in January of this year addressed the problem of proof of bandwidth, not infinity of the trade. Community performances are based on a structure that can provide close evidence of the settlement of large-scale UTXO transfers, but this is not an identified pass-through target or a formal route commitment.
The original UTXO proposal relies on EIP-8141, or Frame Transports. The proposal is currently only listed as “considering inclusion” in the official Hegotá specifications. At present, EIP-7805, FOCIL, remains the only proposal that has been officially included in Hegotá. Hegotá is expected to take place in 2027.